Understanding Memory

The multi-store memory model

The Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) Multi-Store Memory Model is a foundational framework in cognitive psychology that revolutionized our understanding of how memory works. It describes memory as a system composed of three distinct stores: the sensory register, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM), each with its own capacity, duration, and encoding processes. Information first enters through our senses, briefly held in the sensory register, and only by paying attention does it pass into STM. With rehearsal, this information can then be encoded into the vast, potentially limitless LTM. This model not only illuminated how memory is structured and processed but also inspired decades of research and advancements in learning, education, and therapy. On a personal level, understanding how to move information from short- to long-term memory empowers individuals to learn more effectively, build resilience through reflection, and retain meaningful life experiences. Societally, it underpins practices in education, mental health, and cognitive rehabilitation, helping improve outcomes in classrooms, therapy sessions, and elderly care. In essence, the model reminds us that memory isn’t just storage but a vital process that shapes who we are, how we learn, and how we connect with the world around us. Drawing on LTM, the psalmist says, "I will remember the works of the Lord; Surely I will remember Your wonders of old" (Psalm 77:11). By rehearsing the words and works of God we will build a strong memory of His deeds and a deep understanding of His loving nature.