Frames of Mind

Discovering multiple intelligences

In Frames of Mind (1983), psychologist Howard Gardner proposed his influential theory of multiple intelligences, arguing that human ability is not a single, fixed IQ but a diverse set of capacities that help people learn, solve problems, and flourish (Gardner, 1983; updated in Gardner, 1999). He identified linguistic intelligence (skill with words), logical–mathematical intelligence (comfort with numbers and reasoning), spatial intelligence (thinking in images and patterns), bodily–kinaesthetic intelligence (learning through movement and touch), musical intelligence (sensitivity to rhythm and sound), interpersonal intelligence (understanding others’ feelings and motives), intrapersonal intelligence (insight into one’s own inner life), and later naturalistic intelligence (recognising patterns in the natural world). By showing that every person carries a unique blend of strengths, Gardner’s work encourages people to value their authentic ways of learning, reducing pressure to fit a narrow academic mold and supporting personal wellbeing through self-knowledge and confidence. At the societal level, this framework promotes healthier, more inclusive communities, where education, workplaces, and public life can honour diverse talents, unlocking creativity, empathy, and collaboration across the population. In addition to recognising natural gifts and abilities, Christian psychology acknowledges the spiritual and supernatural equipping received by those who seek to walk and talk daily with God. A wonderful example of this is the empowering of Bezalel, Aholiab, and others, for the work of constructing the tabernacle (Exodus 31:1-6): ‘Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: “See, I have called by name Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. And I have filled him with the Spirit of God, in wisdom, in understanding, in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship, to design artistic works, to work in gold, in silver, in bronze, in cutting jewels for setting, in carving wood, and to work in all manner of workmanship. And I, indeed I, have appointed with him Aholiab the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan; and I have put wisdom in the hearts of all the gifted artisans, that they may make all that I have commanded you.”