Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) has played a central role in the psychological study and intervention of autism since the mid-20th century, particularly through the pioneering work of B. F. Skinner, whose theory of operant conditioning (Skinner, 1953) laid the foundation for behaviourist approaches, and O. Ivar Lovaas, whose landmark 1987 study demonstrated that intensive behavioural intervention could significantly improve outcomes for autistic children (Lovaas, 1987). Subsequent contributors such as Catherine Maurice (1993) and Robert Koegel (Koegel & Koegel, 2006) expanded ABA into more naturalistic and child-centred methods, addressing earlier criticisms about rigidity and generalisation.

From a Christian perspective, this work can be understood as participating in the Biblical call to care for and nurture all individuals as bearers of the Imago Dei (Genesis 1:27), affirming the inherent dignity and worth of autistic individuals while also stewarding knowledge to alleviate suffering and enhance flourishing. Christ’s ministry itself models compassionate, individualized care (e.g., Mark 10:13–16), which resonates with person-centred adaptations of ABA that respect autonomy and relational engagement. Theologically, ABA raises important ethical considerations about agency, conformity, and the purpose of behavioural change, encouraging Christians to balance transformation with acceptance (Romans 12:2) and to prioritise love over mere behavioural compliance (1 Corinthians 13).

When applied ethically and thoughtfully, ABA contributes significantly to personal wellbeing by improving communication, independence, and quality of life for autistic individuals, while also benefiting societal health through greater inclusion, reduced caregiver stress, and enhanced participation in education and community life.