Socratic questioning in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a structured, collaborative technique that is historically rooted in the teaching method of Socrates (c. 470–399 BC). It was developed clinically by key figures such as Aaron T. Beck (1960s–1970s) and Albert Ellis (1950s), in which the therapist guides a person to examine and revise their thoughts through carefully sequenced questions rather than direct instruction.

To use this technique, first identify a distressing thought (“What am I telling myself?”), then systematically question it by asking for evidence (“What facts support or contradict this?”), exploring alternatives (“What is another explanation?”), testing implications (“What is the worst, best, and most realistic outcome?”), and encouraging perspective-taking (“What would I say to a friend?”), thereby uncovering assumptions and promoting more balanced thinking.

This method is central to CBT as a form of “guided discovery” that respects the person’s reasoning while gently challenging distortions. From a Christian perspective, Socratic questioning aligns with Biblical calls to examine and renew the mind (e.g., Romans 12:2), pursue wisdom through reflective questioning (e.g., Proverbs 20:5), and test beliefs against truth (1 Thessalonians 5:21). Jesus Himself often used probing questions (e.g., Matthew 16:13–15) to reveal hearts and lead to insight, demonstrating that careful, truth-seeking dialogue can serve both psychological healing and spiritual formation when practiced with humility, love, and a commitment to truth.