The Yerkes-Dodson Law

Optimum performance at medium arousal

The Yerkes–Dodson Law, first articulated by psychologists Robert M. Yerkes and John D. Dodson in 1908, proposes that human performance reaches its optimal level at a moderate degree of arousal, rising from low engagement to peak efficiency before declining again when stress becomes excessive; put simply, too little stimulation leads to apathy, too much leads to being overwhelmed, and a balanced middle fosters clarity, motivation, and effective action. This principle helps explain why a manageable level of challenge sharpens focus and skill, whereas high pressure impairs memory, decision-making, and emotional regulation, and it remains influential across fields from education to workplace design. By guiding individuals to calibrate their arousal, through rest, routine, mindful awareness, and deliberate goal setting, the Yerkes–Dodson framework supports personal wellbeing and resilience, and at scale encourages healthier social environments that value sustainable productivity over chronic stress. Even Christ, who was God in human flesh, took time to rest, and encouraged His disciples to do the same. ‘And He [Jesus] said to them, “Come aside by yourselves to a deserted place and rest a while.” For there were many coming and going, and they did not even have time to eat’ (Mark 6:31).