Research into the biological basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has for decades highlighted the role of dopamine dysregulation in attention, motivation, and impulse control, with early foundational work by Joseph Biederman and Timothy E. Brown (1990s–2000s) demonstrating striatal dopamine transporter anomalies in ADHD and Nora D. Volkow and colleagues (2007) showing altered dopamine release in ADHD brains using PET neuroimaging. More recent molecular genetics work by Faraone and Larsson (2019) has quantified heritability and dopaminergic gene associations, underscoring the neurobiological substrate of the condition.

From a Christian perspective, understanding ADHD biologically resonates with the theological affirmation that humans are embodied souls (cf. Genesis 2:7; Psalm139:14), created with complex neurochemical systems reflecting God’s intricate design, and that suffering or struggle (including neurodevelopmental disorders) invites compassionate response rather than stigma (cf. Galatians 6:2; Matthew25:40). Such research honours the imago Dei in individuals with ADHD by reducing shame through science and guiding effective, humane interventions that promote flourishing.

The value of this work for personal wellbeing lies in empowering individuals and families with evidence-based treatments and self-understanding, while for societal health it reduces misunderstanding and fosters inclusive support systems that allow diverse brains to contribute fruitfully to community life.