Schema Theory

The concept of reconstructive memory

Schema theory was first introduced by British psychologist Frederic C. Bartlett in 1932. This was a groundbreaking idea that transformed our understanding of memory and the mind. He proposed that memory is not a perfect recording of experience but a reconstructive process, shaped by the mental frameworks (schemas) we use to make sense of the world. When we recall events, we actively rebuild them, guided by our beliefs, emotions, and prior knowledge, rather than simply retrieving static images from the past. This insight reveals the creative, interpretive nature of human thought: our memories are living narratives, constantly revised to help us navigate new experiences. Understanding schema theory nurtures personal wellbeing, encouraging compassion for ourselves and others as we recognise that memory is fallible yet flexible, allowing growth, healing, and re-interpretation of the past. On a broader scale, it supports societal health by reminding us that collective memory and cultural narratives are also reconstructed, inviting open dialogue, empathy, and shared understanding as we continually reshape the stories that bind us together. This understanding is reflected in the words of the psalmist who encourages us to look back through the lens of God’s goodness: “I will remember the works of the Lord; surely I will remember Your wonders of old” (Psalm 77:11). “Remember His marvellous works which He has done, His wonders, and the judgments of His mouth.” (Psalm 105:5).