Albert Bandura (1977)

Self-Efficacy

Albert Bandura’s seminal 1977 paper introduced self-efficacy as the belief in one’s capacity to organise and execute actions required to manage prospective situations, reframing human motivation and behaviour from passive response to agentic action grounded in mastery experiences, social modelling, verbal persuasion, and the regulation of emotional states (Bandura, 1977), a theory he later elaborated within Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986; 1997) and that was extended by scholars such as Barry Zimmerman in self-regulated learning (Zimmerman, 2000) and Ralf Schwarzer in health psychology (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995); from a Christian perspective, self-efficacy resonates with the biblical view of humans as responsible stewards empowered by God. Confidence is not rooted in self-glorification but in faithful participation with God’s enabling strength. For example, believers are encouraged to act with courage and perseverance because strength is received through Christ (Philippians 4:13); wisdom and perseverance grow through practiced obedience (James 1:2–4); diligent effort aligned with trust brings flourishing (Proverbs 16:3). When integrated this way, Bandura’s work supports personal wellbeing by fostering resilience, hope, disciplined effort, and recovery from setbacks, while also promoting societal health by empowering individuals and communities to pursue education, health, justice, and compassionate service with confidence that purposeful action, supported by social models and moral vision, can meaningfully transform lives and institutions.