Abraham Maslow

A hierarchy of needs?

Abraham Maslow’s pioneering contribution to the psychology of motivation, most famously expressed in his hierarchy of needs first outlined in 1943 and later expanded in 1969 to include a sixth level of self-transcendence, offers a compelling vision of human flourishing in which basic physiological and safety needs support the higher pursuits of belonging, esteem, self-actualisation, and finally the desire to move beyond the self toward truth, beauty, and service; this final level resonates strongly with Christian and Biblical theology, which likewise portrays human beings as created for communion with God, compassion for others, and participation in a reality greater than themselves (e.g., Matthew 22:37–40; Philippians 2:1–11). By recognising that human motivation has a tendency to unfold through a relatively ordered structure of needs, Maslow provided both individuals and societies with a hopeful framework: people thrive when supported in body, secured in community, affirmed in dignity, and invited into a life of meaningful purpose; similarly, communities flourish when they cultivate conditions that honour the whole person, material, relational, moral, and spiritual, thus echoing the biblical call to seek the welfare of all and to nurture environments where every person can mature into fullness of life.